MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)In this photograph, the artist combines awareness, creativity, and communication by encouraging the viewer to look closely at an object. The artist is: 1) _____ 
A)René Magritte. B) John Ahearn. 
C)Duane Michaels. D) Lorna Simpson. 

2)Jan van Eyck’s painting depicts many objects that have symbolic meaning. The use or study of these symbols is called: 2) _____ 
A)iconography. B) form. C) aesthetics. D) content. 

3)In this painting, Claude Monet intended to express: 
A)the dynamism of the natural world. 3) _____ 
B)his feelings of solitude. 
C)his love of farming. 
D)individual landscape elements of southern France. 

4)This sculpture illustrates a type of art called ________ art.  
A)nonobjective. B) nonrepresentational. 4) _____ 
C)trompe l’oeil. D) abstract. 

5)While in prison, Howling Wolf made many drawings such as this one, called ________ drawings because they were created on blank accounting notebooks.  5) _____ 
A)calculated B) ledger C) office D) scraffitti 

6)When a work of art such as Kasimir Malevich’s Suprematist Painting, Black Rectangle, Blue Triangle shows no reference to the natural world of images, it is usually called: 6) _____ 
A)communistic. B) simplistic. 
C)stylized. D) nonrepresentational. 

7)The Triumphal Entry page from the Shahnamah manuscript,  a sacred text, exemplifies the reference of word over image in ________ art. 7) _____ 
A)Islamic B) Korean C) Chinese D) Japanese 

8)The symbolic hand gestures that refer to specific states of mind or events in the life of Buddha are called: 
A)mudra. B) bismillah. C) calliform. D) handies. 8) _____ 

9)The terms naturalistic or realistic art are sometimes used to describe: 
A)abstract art. B) nonrepresentational art. 9) _____ 
C)representational art. D) folk art. 

10)Abstract art reduces the world to its ________ qualities. 
A)bulk B) essential C) structural D) exterior 10) _____ 

11)Lorna Simpson’s series, The Park, includes both images and printed words. The text contributes to the prints in a way that makes the viewer more active in the work. What does the viewer become? 11) _____ 
A)an artist B) a voyeur 
C)the form of the work D) the subject of the work 

12)Judy Chicago’s painting, Pasadena Lifesavers Red Series #3, appears to be completely nonobjective. The subject matter can, in fact, be traced to the real world. What is it?  12) _____ 
A)the exaggerated features of African masks 
B)the residents of her New York neighborhood 
C)her Cuban heritage  
D)the female body 

13)Why are images of humans traditionally banned in Islamic art? 
A)Depicting a human is thought to be competing with the “creator.” 13) _____ 
B)Human images are not banned in Islamic art. 
C)Calligraphy is more challenging. 
D)Humans are thought to be a symbol of filth. 

14)In a work of art, “content” refers to: 
A)its style. B) the culture that produced it. 14) _____ 
C)what the work expresses or means. D) the way it looks. 

15)Kenneth Clark illustrates an ________ reading in his assessment that an ancient Greek statue represents a “higher state of civilization” than a West African mask. 15) _____ 
A)American B) aesthetic C) Afrocentric D) ethnocentric 

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
16)What is the relationship between form and content? 16)  _________ 

17)What subject matter is the artist Lorna Simpson most noted for? 17)  _________ 

18)What term is used when someone imposes his or her own meanings and prejudices onto the art of another culture? 18)  _________ 

19)In Jan van Eyck’s Arnolfini “wedding” portrait, the dog symbolizes ________. 19)  _________ 

20)The habitual or expected ways (of seeing, for instance) of a given culture are called ________. 20)  _________ 

21)What is the chief form of art in Islamic cultures? 21)  _________ 

ESSAY.  Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
22)Discuss the disadvantages of judging artworks according to our own cultural standards. 

23)Using René Magritte’s Treason of Images, discuss how representational paintings can be more abstract than abstract paintings. 

24)Compare and contrast John Taylor’s and Howling Wolf’s Treaty Signing at Medicine Lodge Creek. In your discussion, use the terms form, content, representational, abstract, ledger art, convention, and iconography.